Scripture referenced 15 passages
The passage this message was preached from, in full, with every other passage it reached for.
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Jonah 1:1-3 God commands Jonah to go to Nineveh; Jonah flees to Tarshish
1 Now Yahweh’s word came to Jonah the son of Amittai, saying,
2 “Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and preach against it, for their wickedness has come up before me.”
3 But Jonah rose up to flee to Tarshish from the presence of Yahweh. He went down to Joppa, and found a ship going to Tarshish; so he paid its fare, and went down into it, to go with them to Tarshish from the presence of Yahweh.
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Jonah 1:4-5
God hurls a great wind; mariners afraid; Jonah asleep below
4 But Yahweh sent out a great wind on the sea, and there was a mighty storm on the sea, so that the ship was likely to break up.
5 Then the mariners were afraid, and every man cried to his god. They threw the cargo that was in the ship into the sea to lighten the ship. But Jonah had gone down into the innermost parts of the ship, and he was laying down, and was fast asleep.
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Jonah 1:11-12
mariners ask what to do; Jonah tells them to hurl him into the sea
11 Then they said to him, “What shall we do to you, that the sea may be calm to us?” For the sea grew more and more stormy.
12 He said to them, “Take me up, and throw me into the sea. Then the sea will be calm for you; for I know that because of me this great storm is on you.”
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Jonah 2:5-7
Jonah's prayer from the belly of the fish describing sinking into the deep
5 The waters surrounded me, even to the soul. The deep was around me. The weeds were wrapped around my head.
6 I went down to the bottoms of the mountains. The earth barred me in forever: yet have you brought up my life from the pit, Yahweh my God.
7 “When my soul fainted within me, I remembered Yahweh. My prayer came in to you, into your holy temple.
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Jonah 2:8-9
those who regard vain idols forsake steadfast love; salvation belongs to the Lord
8 Those who regard lying vanities forsake their own mercy.
9 But I will sacrifice to you with the voice of thanksgiving. I will pay that which I have vowed. Salvation belongs to Yahweh.”
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Jonah 3:1-3
God calls Jonah a second time; Jonah obeys and goes to Nineveh
1 Yahweh’s word came to Jonah the second time, saying,
2 “Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and preach to it the message that I give you.”
3 So Jonah arose, and went to Nineveh, according to Yahweh’s word. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, three days’ journey across.
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Jonah 3:4
Jonah delivers his five-word message: yet forty days and Nineveh shall be overthrown
4 Jonah began to enter into the city a day’s journey, and he cried out, and said, “In forty days, Nineveh will be overthrown!”
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Jonah 3:5-9
Nineveh believes God, fasts, wears sackcloth; king repents and calls the city to turn from evil
5 The people of Nineveh believed God; and they proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from their greatest even to their least.
6 The news reached the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, and took off his royal robe, covered himself with sackcloth, and sat in ashes.
7 He made a proclamation and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying, “Let neither man nor animal, herd nor flock, taste anything; let them not feed, nor drink water;
8 but let them be covered with sackcloth, both man and animal, and let them cry mightily to God. Yes, let them turn everyone from his evil way, and from the violence that is in his hands.
9 Who knows whether God will not turn and relent, and turn away from his fierce anger, so that we might not perish?”
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Jonah 3:10
God sees Nineveh's repentance and relents from the disaster
10 God saw their works, that they turned from their evil way. God relented of the disaster which he said he would do to them, and he didn’t do it.
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Jonah 4:2
Jonah angry, declares he knew God was gracious and merciful and would relent
2 He prayed to Yahweh, and said, “Please, Yahweh, wasn’t this what I said when I was still in my own country? Therefore I hurried to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that you are a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and you relent of doing harm.
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Jonah 4:5
Jonah sits east of the city in a booth waiting to see what becomes of Nineveh
5 Then Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made himself a booth, and sat under it in the shade, until he might see what would become of the city.
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Jonah 4:6-9
God appoints a plant, then a worm, then a scorching wind; Jonah again wishes to die
6 Yahweh God prepared a vine, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his discomfort. So Jonah was exceedingly glad because of the vine.
7 But God prepared a worm at dawn the next day, and it chewed on the vine, so that it withered.
8 When the sun arose, God prepared a sultry east wind; and the sun beat on Jonah’s head, so that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said, “It is better for me to die than to live.”
9 God said to Jonah, “Is it right for you to be angry about the vine?” He said, “I am right to be angry, even to death.”
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Jonah 4:10-11
God asks why Jonah pities the plant but not Nineveh with its 120,000 people
10 Yahweh said, “You have been concerned for the vine, for which you have not labored, neither made it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night.
11 Shouldn’t I be concerned for Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred twenty thousand persons who can’t discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much livestock?”
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Matthew 12
Jesus references the sign of Jonah, pointing to Jesus as the greater Jonah
1 At that time, Jesus went on the Sabbath day through the grain fields. His disciples were hungry and began to pluck heads of grain and to eat.
2 But the Pharisees, when they saw it, said to him, “Behold, your disciples do what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath.”
3 But he said to them, “Haven’t you read what David did, when he was hungry, and those who were with him;
4 how he entered into God’s house, and ate the show bread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for those who were with him, but only for the priests?
5 Or have you not read in the law, that on the Sabbath day, the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, and are guiltless?
6 But I tell you that one greater than the temple is here.
7 But if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice,’ you wouldn’t have condemned the guiltless.
8 For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”
9 He departed there, and went into their synagogue.
10 And behold there was a man with a withered hand. They asked him, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath day?” that they might accuse him.
11 He said to them, “What man is there among you, who has one sheep, and if this one falls into a pit on the Sabbath day, won’t he grab on to it, and lift it out?
12 Of how much more value then is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath day.”
13 Then he told the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out; and it was restored whole, just like the other.
14 But the Pharisees went out, and conspired against him, how they might destroy him.
15 Jesus, perceiving that, withdrew from there. Great multitudes followed him; and he healed them all,
16 and commanded them that they should not make him known:
17 that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet, saying,
18 “Behold, my servant whom I have chosen; my beloved in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my Spirit on him. He will proclaim justice to the nations.
19 He will not strive, nor shout; neither will anyone hear his voice in the streets.
20 He won’t break a bruised reed. He won’t quench a smoking flax, until he leads justice to victory.
21 In his name, the nations will hope.”
22 Then one possessed by a demon, blind and mute, was brought to him and he healed him, so that the blind and mute man both spoke and saw.
23 All the multitudes were amazed, and said, “Can this be the son of David?”
24 But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, “This man does not cast out demons, except by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons.”
25 Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand.
26 If Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then will his kingdom stand?
27 If I by Beelzebul cast out demons, by whom do your children cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges.
28 But if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons, then God’s Kingdom has come upon you.
29 Or how can one enter into the house of the strong man, and plunder his goods, unless he first bind the strong man? Then he will plunder his house.
30 “He who is not with me is against me, and he who doesn’t gather with me, scatters.
31 Therefore I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven men.
32 Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, neither in this age, nor in that which is to come.
33 “Either make the tree good, and its fruit good, or make the tree corrupt, and its fruit corrupt; for the tree is known by its fruit.
34 You offspring of vipers, how can you, being evil, speak good things? For out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks.
35 The good man out of his good treasure brings out good things, and the evil man out of his evil treasure brings out evil things.
36 I tell you that every idle word that men speak, they will give account of it in the day of judgment.
37 For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”
38 Then certain of the scribes and Pharisees answered, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from you.”
39 But he answered them, “An evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, but no sign will be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet.
40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
41 The men of Nineveh will stand up in the judgment with this generation, and will condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, someone greater than Jonah is here.
42 The queen of the south will rise up in the judgment with this generation, and will condemn it, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and behold, someone greater than Solomon is here.
43 When an unclean spirit has gone out of a man, he passes through waterless places, seeking rest, and doesn’t find it.
44 Then he says, ‘I will return into my house from which I came out,’ and when he has come back, he finds it empty, swept, and put in order.
45 Then he goes, and takes with himself seven other spirits more evil than he is, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first. Even so will it be also to this evil generation.”
46 While he was yet speaking to the multitudes, behold, his mother and his brothers stood outside, seeking to speak to him.
47 One said to him, “Behold, your mother and your brothers stand outside, seeking to speak to you.”
48 But he answered him who spoke to him, “Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?”
49 He stretched out his hand towards his disciples, and said, “Behold, my mother and my brothers!
50 For whoever does the will of my Father who is in heaven, he is my brother, and sister, and mother.”
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Exodus 34
God proclaims his character to Moses as merciful, gracious, slow to anger, abounding in steadfast love, yet not clearing the guilty
1 Yahweh said to Moses, “Chisel two stone tablets like the first. I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you broke.
2 Be ready by the morning, and come up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and present yourself there to me on the top of the mountain.
3 No one shall come up with you or be seen anywhere on the mountain. Do not let the flocks or herds graze in front of that mountain.”
4 He chiseled two tablets of stone like the first; and Moses rose up early in the morning, and went up to Mount Sinai, as Yahweh had commanded him, and took in his hand two stone tablets.
5 Yahweh descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed Yahweh’s name.
6 Yahweh passed by before him, and proclaimed, “Yahweh! Yahweh, a merciful and gracious God, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness and truth,
7 keeping loving kindness for thousands, forgiving iniquity and disobedience and sin; and who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, and on the children’s children, on the third and on the fourth generation.”
8 Moses hurried and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshiped.
9 He said, “If now I have found favor in your sight, Lord, please let the Lord go among us; although this is a stiff-necked people; pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for your inheritance.”
10 He said, “Behold, I make a covenant: before all your people I will do marvels, such as have not been worked in all the earth, nor in any nation; and all the people among which you are shall see the work of Yahweh; for it is an awesome thing that I do with you.
11 Observe that which I command you today. Behold, I drive out before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.
12 Be careful, lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it be for a snare among you:
13 but you shall break down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and you shall cut down their Asherah poles;
14 for you shall worship no other god: for Yahweh, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.
15 “Don’t make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, lest they play the prostitute after their gods, and sacrifice to their gods, and one call you and you eat of his sacrifice;
16 and you take of their daughters to your sons, and their daughters play the prostitute after their gods, and make your sons play the prostitute after their gods.
17 “You shall make no cast idols for yourselves.
18 “You shall keep the feast of unleavened bread. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month Abib; for in the month Abib you came out of Egypt.
19 “All that opens the womb is mine; and all your livestock that is male, the firstborn of cow and sheep.
20 You shall redeem the firstborn of a donkey with a lamb. If you will not redeem it, then you shall break its neck. You shall redeem all the firstborn of your sons. No one shall appear before me empty.
21 “Six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest: in plowing time and in harvest you shall rest.
22 “You shall observe the feast of weeks with the first fruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of harvest at the year’s end.
23 Three times in the year all your males shall appear before the Lord Yahweh, the God of Israel.
24 For I will drive out nations before you and enlarge your borders; neither shall any man desire your land when you go up to appear before Yahweh, your God, three times in the year.
25 “You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread. The sacrifice of the feast of the Passover shall not be left to the morning.
26 “You shall bring the first of the first fruits of your ground to the house of Yahweh your God. “You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.”
27 Yahweh said to Moses, “Write you these words: for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”
28 He was there with Yahweh forty days and forty nights; he neither ate bread, nor drank water. He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the ten commandments.
29 When Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the testimony in Moses’ hand, when he came down from the mountain, Moses didn’t know that the skin of his face shone by reason of his speaking with him.
30 When Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come near him.
31 Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned to him; and Moses spoke to them.
32 Afterward all the children of Israel came near, and he gave them all the commandments that Yahweh had spoken with him on Mount Sinai.
33 When Moses was done speaking with them, he put a veil on his face.
34 But when Moses went in before Yahweh to speak with him, he took the veil off, until he came out; and he came out, and spoke to the children of Israel that which he was commanded.
35 The children of Israel saw Moses’ face, that the skin of Moses’ face shone: and Moses put the veil on his face again, until he went in to speak with him.
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Recap
The message in order, in a few minutes of reading.
Van Jones, who is visiting First B Jackson as the church considers him for the associate pastor role, preached through the entire book of Jonah. His central idea was that God calls his people to do hard things, and that only grace received through repentance makes those hard things possible. He drew repeated parallels between Jonah and Jesus, the greater Jonah who succeeded where Jonah kept failing.
What was said
Van opened by noting that Jonah is a story most people reduce to the fish, but that reading it carefully reveals layers of irony: the man of God is the rebellious one, the pagan sailors and the violent Ninevites are the ones who respond well, and a powerful king humbles himself in sackcloth while the prophet sulks in a booth. He said he came to the book fresh through a one-year Bible reading plan and it hit him differently than it ever had before.
The first movement through the text traced Jonah's flat refusal. God calls him northeast to Nineveh, the brutal Assyrian capital and long-time enemy of Israel, and Jonah turns and goes as far west as the known world reaches, toward Tarshish. Van said that resonated with him personally, the daily pull to go the direction you want rather than the direction God is pointing.
God then initiates Jonah's obedience by appointing a storm. The expert sailors, fearing for their lives, eventually hurl Jonah into the sea at his own suggestion. Van noted that Jonah's self-sacrifice here sounds noble but is complicated by what comes later, when it becomes clear he would rather die than watch God spare Nineveh. Still, he drew the parallel plainly: someone takes on wrath due to others so that others can be saved.
Inside the fish, Jonah finally prays, but Van argued it is only partial repentance. Jonah's prayer quotes the line about those who cling to vain idols, but he is thinking about Nineveh, not himself. He is not yet ready to own his nationalism, his hatred of the enemy, or his pride. The fish vomits him out on dry land, and Van paused on that word, pointing out that the grossness of the image fits the moment.
God calls Jonah a second time in almost identical words, and this time Jonah goes. But his sermon to the city is five Hebrew words: yet forty days and Nineveh shall be overthrown. Van said you would look at him strangely if he came up and delivered five English words and sat down. Jonah has no love for these people and no eloquence. Yet the Ninevites believe God, the king descends from his throne, covers himself in sackcloth, and issues a decree commanding the whole city, people and animals alike, to fast and turn from violence. Van noted that God worked through his word despite the messenger, not because of him.
When God relents from the disaster, Jonah is furious. He quotes back to God the very attributes of mercy and grace that the rest of Scripture celebrates, and says because you are like that, just kill me. Van connected this to the passage in Exodus 34 where God proclaims those same attributes to Moses, and pointed out that Jonah quotes the mercy side but omits the judgment side. He argued the tension between mercy and judgment is only finally resolved at the cross, where Jesus absorbs the judgment so that the mercy can be extended without canceling justice.
God then uses a plant, a worm, and a scorching east wind to press the point home. The plant gives Jonah shade and he is glad. The worm kills the plant and he wants to die again, for the third time in the story. God asks whether it makes sense to grieve a plant that cost him nothing while resenting mercy shown to 120,000 people who do not know their right hand from their left. The book ends there, without telling us how Jonah answered. Van closed by sharing a simple practice his wife Lauren had come across in an Elizabeth Elliot devotional: write the words "no" and "Lord" on a piece of paper, and cross out one of them. He said he has thought about it every day since, in large decisions and small ones.
Doing a Bible study?
Here is a guide we have prepared for you: the passages in order, questions for the group, and room to write.
- Van said that ten years ago he wanted to fight America's enemies overseas, convinced they were God's enemies too, but the Lord redirected him to go to the Middle East with 'a different weapon.' Has there ever been a time when you were certain God agreed with your anger toward someone, and how did that play out?
- Van pointed out that Jonah's repentance from inside the fish was only partial. He was praying, but he still wasn't owning his pride, his nationalism, or his hatred of Nineveh. What does genuine repentance look like compared to just crying out to God when you hit rock bottom?
and 3 more questions in the guide
