Scripture referenced 21 passages
The passage this message was preached from, in full, with every other passage it reached for.
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Romans 9:30 Beginning of the passage asking whether it is Israel's fault they are estranged from God
30 What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who didn’t follow after righteousness, attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith;
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Romans 9:30-32
Gentiles who did not pursue righteousness attained it by faith; Israel pursuing a law of righteousness did not arrive at it
30 What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who didn’t follow after righteousness, attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith;
31 but Israel, following after a law of righteousness, didn’t arrive at the law of righteousness.
32 Why? Because they didn’t seek it by faith, but as it were by works of the law. They stumbled over the stumbling stone;
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Isaiah 8:14
String of pearls quote: a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense laid in Zion
14 He will be a sanctuary, but for both houses of Israel, he will be a trap and a snare for the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
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Isaiah 28:16
String of pearls quote interspersed with Isaiah 8:14: he who believes in him will not be disappointed
16 Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh, “Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone of a sure foundation. He who believes shall not act hastily.
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1 Peter 2:6-8
Peter uses the same string of pearls about the cornerstone and stone of stumbling
6 Because it is contained in Scripture, “Behold, I lay in Zion a chief cornerstone, chosen, and precious: He who believes in him will not be disappointed.”
7 For you who believe therefore is the honor, but for those who are disobedient, “The stone which the builders rejected, has become the chief cornerstone,”
8 and, “a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offense.” For they stumble at the word, being disobedient, to which also they were appointed.
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Romans 10:1
Paul's heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel's salvation
1 Brothers, my heart’s desire and my prayer to God is for Israel, that they may be saved.
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Romans 10:2-3
Israel has zeal for God but not in accordance with knowledge; seeking to establish their own righteousness
2 For I testify about them that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge.
3 For being ignorant of God’s righteousness, and seeking to establish their own righteousness, they didn’t subject themselves to the righteousness of God.
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Philippians 3:8-9
Paul counts all things loss to gain Christ, not having a righteousness of his own from the law but from God through faith
8 Yes most certainly, and I count all things to be a loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus, my Lord, for whom I suffered the loss of all things, and count them nothing but refuse, that I may gain Christ
9 and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own, that which is of the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is from God by faith;
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Romans 10:4
Christ is the end or culmination of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes
4 For Christ is the fulfillment of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes.
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Leviticus 18:5
Moses writes that the man who practices righteousness based on law shall live by it, used to show the conditional and impossible standard of the old covenant
5 You shall therefore keep my statutes and my ordinances; which if a man does, he shall live in them. I am Yahweh.
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Deuteronomy 30:12-15
The word is not in heaven or beyond the sea but very near you, in your mouth and heart, interpreted by Paul as pointing to the word of faith
12 It is not in heaven, that you should say, “Who will go up for us to heaven, and bring it to us, and proclaim it to us, that we may do it?”
13 Neither is it beyond the sea, that you should say, “Who will go over the sea for us, and bring it to us, and proclaim it to us, that we may do it?”
14 But the word is very near to you, in your mouth and in your heart, that you may do it.
15 Behold, I have set before you today life and prosperity, and death and evil.
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Romans 10:9-10
Central chiasm point: confess with your mouth Jesus is Lord, believe in your heart God raised him, and you will be saved
9 that if you will confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.
10 For with the heart, one believes unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.
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Romans 1
Paul backs up to his previous argument that God's voice has gone out and people rejected the knowledge of God
1 Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, set apart for the Good News of God,
2 which he promised before through his prophets in the holy Scriptures,
3 concerning his Son, who was born of the offspring of David according to the flesh,
4 who was declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord,
5 through whom we received grace and apostleship, for obedience of faith among all the nations, for his name’s sake;
6 among whom you are also called to belong to Jesus Christ;
7 to all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, that your faith is proclaimed throughout the whole world.
9 For God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the Good News of his Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you always in my prayers,
10 requesting, if by any means now at last I may be prospered by the will of God to come to you.
11 For I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift, to the end that you may be established;
12 that is, that I with you may be encouraged in you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine.
13 Now I don’t desire to have you unaware, brothers, that I often planned to come to you, and was hindered so far, that I might have some fruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles.
14 I am debtor both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to the wise and to the foolish.
15 So, as much as is in me, I am eager to preach the Good News to you also who are in Rome.
16 For I am not ashamed of the Good News of Christ, because it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes; for the Jew first, and also for the Greek.
17 For in it is revealed God’s righteousness from faith to faith. As it is written, “But the righteous shall live by faith.”
18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness,
19 because that which is known of God is revealed in them, for God revealed it to them.
20 For the invisible things of him since the creation of the world are clearly seen, being perceived through the things that are made, even his everlasting power and divinity; that they may be without excuse.
21 Because, knowing God, they didn’t glorify him as God, neither gave thanks, but became vain in their reasoning, and their senseless heart was darkened.
22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,
23 and traded the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and four-footed animals, and creeping things.
24 Therefore God also gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to uncleanness, that their bodies should be dishonored among themselves;
25 who exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen.
26 For this reason, God gave them up to vile passions. For their women changed the natural function into that which is against nature.
27 Likewise also the men, leaving the natural function of the woman, burned in their lust toward one another, men doing what is inappropriate with men, and receiving in themselves the due penalty of their error.
28 Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;
29 being filled with all unrighteousness, sexual immorality, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil habits, secret slanderers,
30 backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,
31 without understanding, covenant breakers, without natural affection, unforgiving, unmerciful;
32 who, knowing the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them.
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Romans 10:14-15
How will they call, believe, hear, or preach without someone being sent
14 How then will they call on him in whom they have not believed? How will they believe in him whom they have not heard? How will they hear without a preacher?
15 And how will they preach unless they are sent? As it is written: “How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the Good News of peace, who bring glad tidings of good things!”
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Isaiah 52:7
How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news
7 How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace, who brings good news, who proclaims salvation, who says to Zion, “Your God reigns!”
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Isaiah 53:1
Lord, who has believed our report, used to show that some will reject the gospel
1 Who has believed our message? To whom has the arm of Yahweh been revealed?
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Romans 10:17
Faith comes from hearing and hearing by the word of Christ
17 So faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God.
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Psalm 19
Their voice has gone out into all the earth, their words to the ends of the world
1 The heavens declare the glory of God. The expanse shows his handiwork.
2 Day after day they pour out speech, and night after night they display knowledge.
3 There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard.
4 Their voice has gone out through all the earth, their words to the end of the world. In them he has set a tent for the sun,
5 which is as a bridegroom coming out of his room, like a strong man rejoicing to run his course.
6 His going out is from the end of the heavens, his circuit to its ends; There is nothing hidden from its heat.
7 Yahweh’s law is perfect, restoring the soul. Yahweh’s testimony is sure, making wise the simple.
8 Yahweh’s precepts are right, rejoicing the heart. Yahweh’s commandment is pure, enlightening the eyes.
9 The fear of Yahweh is clean, enduring forever. Yahweh’s ordinances are true, and righteous altogether.
10 More to be desired are they than gold, yes, than much fine gold; sweeter also than honey and the extract of the honeycomb.
11 Moreover by them is your servant warned. In keeping them there is great reward.
12 Who can discern his errors? Forgive me from hidden errors.
13 Keep back your servant also from presumptuous sins. Let them not have dominion over me. Then I will be upright. I will be blameless and innocent of great transgression.
14 Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be acceptable in your sight, Yahweh, my rock, and my redeemer.
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Deuteronomy 32:21
Moses: I will make you jealous by that which is not a nation
21 They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God. They have provoked me to anger with their vanities. I will move them to jealousy with those who are not a people. I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation.
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Isaiah 65:1-2
I was found by those who did not seek me; all day long I stretched out my hands to a disobedient and obstinate people
1 “I am inquired of by those who didn’t ask. I am found by those who didn’t seek me. I said, ‘See me, see me,’ to a nation that was not called by my name.
2 I have spread out my hands all day to a rebellious people, who walk in a way that is not good, after their own thoughts;
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2 Kings 5
Story of Naaman's leprosy used as a closing Old Testament pearl illustrating simple belief and public confession bringing cleansing
1 Now Naaman, captain of the army of the king of Syria, was a great man with his master, and honorable, because by him Yahweh had given victory to Syria: he was also a mighty man of valor, but he was a leper.
2 The Syrians had gone out in bands, and had brought away captive out of the land of Israel a little maiden; and she waited on Naaman’s wife.
3 She said to her mistress, “I wish that my lord were with the prophet who is in Samaria! Then he would heal him of his leprosy.”
4 Someone went in, and told his lord, saying, “The maiden who is from the land of Israel said this.”
5 The king of Syria said, “Go now, and I will send a letter to the king of Israel.” He departed, and took with him ten talents of silver, and six thousand pieces of gold, and ten changes of clothing.
6 He brought the letter to the king of Israel, saying, “Now when this letter has come to you, behold, I have sent Naaman my servant to you, that you may heal him of his leprosy.”
7 When the king of Israel had read the letter, he tore his clothes, and said, “Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man sends to me to heal a man of his leprosy? But please consider and see how he seeks a quarrel against me.”
8 It was so, when Elisha the man of God heard that the king of Israel had torn his clothes, that he sent to the king, saying, “Why have you torn your clothes? Let him come now to me, and he shall know that there is a prophet in Israel.”
9 So Naaman came with his horses and with his chariots, and stood at the door of the house of Elisha.
10 Elisha sent a messenger to him, saying, “Go and wash in the Jordan seven times, and your flesh shall come again to you, and you shall be clean.”
11 But Naaman was angry, and went away, and said, “Behold, I thought, ‘He will surely come out to me, and stand, and call on the name of Yahweh his God, and wave his hand over the place, and heal the leper.’
12 Aren’t Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? Couldn’t I wash in them, and be clean?” So he turned and went away in a rage.
13 His servants came near, and spoke to him, and said, “My father, if the prophet had asked you do some great thing, wouldn’t you have done it? How much rather then, when he says to you, ‘Wash, and be clean?’”
14 Then went he down, and dipped himself seven times in the Jordan, according to the saying of the man of God; and his flesh was restored like the flesh of a little child, and he was clean.
15 He returned to the man of God, he and all his company, and came, and stood before him; and he said, “See now, I know that there is no God in all the earth, but in Israel. Now therefore, please take a gift from your servant.”
16 But he said, “As Yahweh lives, before whom I stand, I will receive none.” He urged him to take it; but he refused.
17 Naaman said, “If not, then, please let two mules’ burden of earth be given to your servant; for your servant will from now on offer neither burnt offering nor sacrifice to other gods, but to Yahweh.
18 In this thing may Yahweh pardon your servant: when my master goes into the house of Rimmon to worship there, and he leans on my hand, and I bow myself in the house of Rimmon. When I bow myself in the house of Rimmon, may Yahweh pardon your servant in this thing.”
19 He said to him, “Go in peace.” So he departed from him a little way.
20 But Gehazi the servant of Elisha the man of God, said, “Behold, my master has spared this Naaman the Syrian, in not receiving at his hands that which he brought. As Yahweh lives, I will run after him, and take something from him.”
21 So Gehazi followed after Naaman. When Naaman saw one running after him, he came down from the chariot to meet him, and said, “Is all well?”
22 He said, “All is well. My master has sent me, saying, ‘Behold, even now two young men of the sons of the prophets have come to me from the hill country of Ephraim. Please give them a talent of silver and two changes of clothing.’”
23 Naaman said, “Be pleased to take two talents.” He urged him, and bound two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of clothing, and laid them on two of his servants; and they carried them before him.
24 When he came to the hill, he took them from their hand, and stored them in the house. Then he let the men go, and they departed.
25 But he went in, and stood before his master. Elisha said to him, “Where did you come from, Gehazi?” He said, “Your servant went nowhere.”
26 He said to him, “Didn’t my heart go with you, when the man turned from his chariot to meet you? Is it a time to receive money, and to receive garments, and olive groves and vineyards, and sheep and cattle, and male servants and female servants?
27 Therefore the leprosy of Naaman will cling to you and to your offspring forever.” He went out from his presence a leper, as white as snow.
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Recap
The message in order, in a few minutes of reading.
This message was part of First B's ongoing series through Romans, working through chapters nine through eleven. The pastor focused on the central question of whether Israel's estrangement from God is Israel's own fault, and he landed on a clear answer: yes, because they pursued righteousness through works rather than through faith. That center point opened into the most direct statement of salvation in the entire section.
What was said
the pastor started by orienting everyone in the structure he has been building for three weeks. This section of Romans nine through eleven is arranged as a chiasm, meaning it works from the outside in toward a single central point. He had already covered the outer ring, which answers the question of whether God is at fault for Israel's lostness. The answer there was no. This week he moved inward to the next ring: is it Israel's fault?
The answer is yes, and Paul's case for it is built as what the pastor called a string of pearls, a chain of Old Testament quotations from Isaiah, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy, interspersed with Paul's own interpretation. The Gentiles, who were not looking for righteousness at all, attained it by faith. Israel, which was actively pursuing a law of righteousness, did not arrive there, because they pursued it as though it were by works rather than by faith. They stumbled over the stumbling stone, which is Christ.
To illustrate that contrast, the pastor told a story about two boys he walked through a gospel presentation for a Boy Scout religious medal. The church kid rattled off a list of things he needed to do. The outsider, who had no background at all, simply said: we are all sinners, Jesus is the only righteous one, and I accept that. He was not looking for it and he got it. The church kid was trying hard and missing it entirely.
Two Greek words carried the argument forward. The first is idios, meaning one's own, private, uniquely personal. When Paul says Israel sought to establish their own righteousness, he is using a strong emphatic word. It is self-righteousness, a personal and private interpretation of the law that is separated from the righteousness that comes from God. The second word is telos, meaning end or purpose or culmination. Christ is the telos of the law. He is both its ending point and the purpose toward which all of it was pointing. The NIV word culmination holds both ideas at once.
All of that movement brings the passage to its center point: if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. The pastor said his seminary friend had shifted his anchor verse for the whole book of Romans from chapter eight to this passage in chapter ten, because salvation is the point. He also pushed back gently on a too-literal reading of confessing with the mouth, noting that when he worked for seven years at a school for the deaf, that reading created real problems. The point is public profession, not the physical act of speaking. The heart is the inward reality; the mouth, or its equivalent, is the outward and ongoing expression of it.
Paul then walks through the logic of why someone has to go and tell it. You cannot call on someone you have not believed in. You cannot believe in someone you have not heard. You cannot hear without a proclaimer. You cannot proclaim unless you are sent. Israel had already heard. God's voice, as Paul quotes from the Psalms, has gone out to every language and every corner of the earth. They had the word near them, in their mouths every morning through the Shema, and in their hearts. They rejected the knowledge they had.
The pastor closed with the story of Naaman from Second Kings, not because it is in Paul's argument, but because he saw it as the same shape. Naaman was not an Israelite, was not seeking God, and received cleansing through a simple act of obedience to a simple command, not through any great task or show of wealth. When he came up out of the Jordan restored, he confessed with his own mouth that there is no God in all the world except in Israel. The pattern is identical: simple belief, simple confession, and cleansing that no amount of works could have produced.
Doing a Bible study?
Here is a guide we have prepared for you: the passages in order, questions for the group, and room to write.
- Pastor Chris described two boys hearing the gospel: the church kid who listed things he had to do, and the outsider who simply said 'I'll take that.' What does that contrast reveal about the difference between works-righteousness and faith?
- Pastor Chris explained the Greek word 'idios' as meaning one's own private, personal righteousness, and said that even sincere Bible reading can become self-righteousness if it is not grounded in God's righteousness. Where do you see that temptation show up in your own life?
and 3 more questions in the guide
